This

study Pritelivir supplier tests the hypotheses that (a) batterers have a neurocognitive bias favoring negative affect (aggressive) stimuli and (b) batterers are more characterized by reactive than proactive aggression. Tasks were administered to 23 male batterers and 24 controls to assess attentional bias to both negative affect stimuli (emotional Stroop) and affectively neutral stimuli (cognitive Stroop). Batterers relative to controls showed longer reaction times in naming the color of negative affect words than affectively neutral words. No such abnormality was observed for the non-affective cognitive control task. Results remained significant after controlling for comorbid depression. Batterers scored significantly higher on reactive (but not proactive) aggression. Results suggest that batterers may have a bias in allocating more attentional resources to aggressive words, potentially making them over-sensitive to negative affect stimuli in the environment. Future treatment programs addressing this neurocognitive abnormality may be more successful in reducing spouse abuse. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.”
“When performing oscillatory movements of two joints in the sagittal BAY 11-7082 mouse plane, there is

a directional constraint for performing such movements. Previous studies could not distinguish whether the directional constraint reflected movement direction encoded VE-822 nmr in the extrinsic (outside the body) reference frame or in the intrinsic (the participants’ torso/head) reference frame since participants performed coordinated movements in a sitting position where the torso/head was stationary relative to the external world. In order to discern the reference frame in the present study, participants performed paced oscillatory movements of the ipsilateral wrist and ankle in the sagittal plane in a standing position so that the torso/head moved relative to the external world. The coordinated movements were performed in one of two modes of coordination, moving the hand upward concomitant

with either ankle plantarflexion or ankle dorsiflexion. The same directional mode relative to extrinsic space was more stable and accurate as compared with the opposite directional mode. When forearm position was changed from the pronated position to the supinated position, similar results were obtained, indicating that the results were independent of a particular coupling of muscles. These findings suggest that the directional constraint on ipsilateral joints movements in the sagittal plane reflects movement direction encoded in the extrinsic reference frame. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.”
“Dysfunctions in serotonin neurotransmission have been implicated in some psychiatric disorders, and in particular, altered serotonin transporter function has been noted in panic disorder.