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“Introduction Bone marrow is not only the source of leukemic cells, but is also the primary site of leukemia relapse [1]. For these reasons, the hematopoietic microenvironment (HM) of the bone marrow plays a crucial role in the development and progression of leukemia. Variations in the HM may influence the biological behaviors of leukemia cells; for example, induction of resistance to chemotherapy drugs by hypoxia [2] is now known to involve many components.