In addition, since laser ablation can directly engrave interior microstructures in one closed chip, glue smearing problems to damage molded microstructures possibly to occur during the chip

sealing procedures can be avoided too. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3504970]“
“Objective: BEZ235 manufacturer To report maternal and perinatal outcomes in obstetric patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of obstetric patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) for severe sepsis/septic shock. Maternal clinical characteristics, hemodynamic profiles, laboratory findings, and perinatal outcomes were evaluated. Patients with severe sepsis (N = 20) and septic shock (N = 10) were compared using Fisher’s Exact and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Pyelonephritis was the most common etiology overall (37%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was the most common organ injury in both severe sepsis (50%) and septic shock (80%). Liver dysfunction was present in cases with increased morbidity as a late finding and was the least frequent organ injury. Patients

with septic shock had significantly higher rates of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (p = 0.01), altered mental status (p <= 0.001), total bilirubin >4 mg/dl (p = 0.04), failure in >= 3 organ systems (70% AR-13324 Cell Cycle inhibitor vs. 15%, p = 0.005), and maternal death (30% vs. 0%, p = 0.03). All patients with septic shock were delivered during hospitalization

vs. 40% with severe sepsis. 71% of viable pregnancies required emergent cesarean delivery, and 50% of these for worsening respiratory function. Conclusions: ARDS is frequently found in critically ill obstetric patients with severe sepsis/septic shock and is associated with a high risk of emergent cesarean delivery.”
“This review article presents how microfluidic technologies and biological materials are paired to assist in the development of low cost, green energy fuel cell systems. Miniaturized biological fuel cells, employing enzymes or microorganisms as bio-catalysts in an environmentally benign configuration, can become an attractive candidate for small-scale power source applications S63845 manufacturer such as biological sensors, implantable medical devices, and portable electronics. State-of-the-art biofuel cell technologies are reviewed with emphasis on microfabrication compatibility and microfluidic fuel cell designs. Integrated microfluidic biofuel cell prototypes are examined with comparisons of their performance achievements and fabrication methods. The technical challenges for further developments and the potential research opportunities for practical cell designs are discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.