The extent of locomotor recovery after treatment with x-irradiation correlated with measurements of spared spinal cord tissue at the contusion epicenter.

CONCLUSION: These results suggest a beneficial role for stereotactic radiosurgery in a rat model of acute spinal cord contusion injury and raise hopes for human treatment strategies. Additional animal studies are needed to further define potential benefits.”
“The BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative

buy Cediranib neoplasms (MPNs), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), entered the spotlight in 2005 when the unique somatic acquired JAK2 V617F mutation was described in >95% of PV and in 50% of ET and PMF patients. For the very rare PV patients who do not harbor the JAK2 V617F mutation, exon 12 JAK2 mutants were discovered also to result in activated forms of JAK2. A minority of ET and PMF patients harbor mutations that constitutively activate the thrombopoietin receptor (TpoR). In bone marrow reconstitution models based on retroviral transduction, the phenotype induced by JAK2 V617F is less severe and different from the rapid fatal myelofibrosis induced by TpoR W515L. The reasons for these differences PF-4708671 are unknown. Exactly by which mechanism(s) one acquired somatic mutation, JAK2 V617F, can promote three different diseases remains a mystery, although gene dosage

and host genetic variation might have important functions. We review the recent progress made in deciphering signaling anomalies in PV, ET and PMF, with an emphasis on the relationship between JAK2 V617F and cytokine receptor signaling and on cross-talk with several other

signaling pathways.”
“AFTER THE COLLAPSE of the Third Reich, the specialty of neurosurgery in Germany, although well developed in the late 1930s, had to start anew, and for decades to come, had to deal with the physical and political consequences of World War II. Because of the division of the country, neurosurgery developed separately in the two independent states. In West Germany, the evolution was promoted by a few personalities who represented different schools according to their own training: these “”surgical neurologists”" emphasized the neurological basis of neurosurgery and were represented by Traugott Riechert and the students of Otfrid Foerster, such as SC75741 supplier Arist Stender and Hans Kuhlendahl. In contrast, the “”neurological surgeons”" stressed their origins in general surgery. Their main proponent was Wilhelm Tonnis, who gained particular merit for promoting neurosurgical teaching, the development of new neurosurgical units, and the recognition of neurosurgery as an autonomous specialty. In East Germany, progress was delayed by a weak economy and a repressive political system. Yet several excellent neurosurgeons won international recognition, predominantly Georg Merrem, who came from the school of Fedor Krause.