We assessed the accuracy of multidetector computerized tomography for predicting tumor thrombus and the level of venous involvement in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Materials

and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical and pathological features in 41 patients with renal cell carcinoma who underwent staging multidetector computerized tomography before surgery. Multidetector computerized tomography findings regarding the presence and level of tumor thrombus were compared to findings at surgery and SHP099 at final pathological evaluation. All multidetector computerized tomography studies were read by a single radiologist (EKF) before surgery.

Results: When excluding patients with segmental venous involvement only, the concordance rate between multidetector computerized tomography and pathological findings was 84%. Multidetector computerized tomography accurately predicted the level of tumor thrombus in 26 of 27 patients (96%). Four cases of negative multidetector computerized Pim inhibitor tomography findings were up staged to renal vein involvement based on pathological findings. All 4 patients had early distal thrombi that did not change operative management.

Conclusions: Multidetector computerized tomography with 3-dimensional mapping is an effective imaging

modality for accurately characterizing the level of venous thrombus in patients with renal Cell carcinoma. This modality effectively identified patients with

clinically significant venous thrombus. Patients with renal cell carcinoma in whom multidetector computerized tomography fails to detect tumor thrombus are unlikely to have a tumor thrombus found at surgery that would change the surgical approach.”
“Proxymetacaine and Fluocinolone acetonide oxybuprocaine were clinically used for topical ocular anesthesia but never for spinal anesthesia, and therefore spinal anesthetic effects of proxymetacaine and oxybuprocaine were performed and compared with bupivacaine and lidocaine. After rats were injected intrathecally with proxymetacaine, oxybuprocaine, bupivacaine, and lidocane, dose-response curves were constructed. We evaluated the potencies (ED(50)) and durations (time to full recovery) of proxymetacaine and oxybuprocaine on spinal blockades of motor function, proprioception, and nociception and compared with bupivacaine and lidocaine in rats. We found that proxymetacaine and oxybuprocaine acted like bupivacaine or lidocaine and produced dose-related spinal blockades of motor function, proprioception and nociception. On the ED(50) basis, the ranks of potencies in motor, proprioception, and nociception were proxymetacaine>oxybuprocaine>bupivacaine>lidocaine (P<0.01 for the differences). On an equipotent basis (ED(20), ED(50), ED(80)), oxybuprocaine and bupivacaine produced similarly longer spinal blockades than did proxymetacaine or lidocaine (P<0.05 for the differences).